When selecting a sling to carry a given load, it is important to consider the angle at which the sling is to be used. As an example, one sling in a basket hitch or two slings attached to one crane hook are different applications involving different sling angles. The degree of the angle will determine how much the capacity will be reduced. To determine if a particular sling will have the capacity required, take the angle between the sling leg and the horizontal, then multiply the sling's rating by the factor provided in the accompanying table. The capacity of a sling will be reduced as the angle from the horizontal is reduced. In the example below, you will see how the 1,000 pound capacity of a sling used in a vertical basket hitch is reduced:generally all gears manufacturers require wire ropes to be used in eot cranes
3 Basic Hitches Sling Capacity Decreases as the Angle Increases	Angles in Degree Factor 90 1.000 85 0.996 80 0.985 75 0.966 70 0.940 65 0.906 60 0.866 55 0.819 50 0.766 45 0.707 40 0.643 35 0.574 30 0.500

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TYPES OF CORES

An important point to consider is the selection of the proper type of core needed in the rope. Wire Ropes are made with either fiber core or steel wire core.

1) Fiber Core (FC)
This center is made of either natural fibers or polypropylene and offers greater elasticity than the independent Wire Rope Core.

2) Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)
This center is usually composed of a separate 7x7 wire rope designated as IWRC. The steel core increases the strength by 7% and the weight by 10%. These steel cores provide more substantial support than fiber cores to the outer strands during the rope's operating life. Steel centers resist crushing, are more resistant to heat and increase the strength of the rope.

DESIGN FACTOR

The Design Factor being both the ratio between the minimum Breaking load of the rope and the rated capacity (RC) tells at what percentage of its ultimate strength a wire rope is operating. The Design Factor takes into consideration both normal rope wear and potential stresses in various applications. The best practice in determining an adequate design factor is to analyze the specific conditions involved inn each individual installation. The following example shows how to determine the Design Factor: If a rope is working under a max. operating load of 10,000 lbs. and is having an ultimate strength of 50,000 lbs., the factor is 5 which means it is operating at 20% of its ultimate strength.

FLEET ANGLE

The fleet angle is the angle formed between the rope running to or from the extreme left or right of the drum and a line drawn from the center of the sheave normal to the axis of the drum. For optimum efficiency, the angle here should not exceed 1 1/2 degrees for a smooth drum, or 2 degrees for a grooved drum. If the fleet angle is larger than the recommended limits, it can cause bad winding on smooth drums and rubbing against the flanges of the grooves. Too small a fleet angle should also be avoided since it will cause the rope to pile up against the flange head.

Before installing any wire rope that winds onto a drum, the fleet angle should be checked and if found improper, conditions should be corrected.

SHEAVE ALIGNMENT

Proper alignment of sheaves is essential. The main sheave should line up with the center of the hoisting drum, otherwise both the rope and sheave flanges will be subjected to severe and rapid deterioration will occur. If rope speeds are high, sheaves should also be balanced.